alcalica is also present in the lake, but is not endemic. ndalalani, also thrive in the waters at the edges of the hot spring inlets. Two endemic fish species, the alkaline tilapias Alcolapia latilabris and A. The lake has inspired the nature documentary The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos by Disneynature, for its close relationship with the Lesser flamingoes as their only regular breeding area. Greater flamingoes also breed on the mud flats. Lake Natron is a safe breeding location because its caustic environment is a barrier against predators trying to reach their nests on seasonally forming evaporite islands.
These flamingoes, the single large flock in East Africa, gather along nearby saline lakes to feed on Spirulina (a blue-green algae with red pigments). When salinity increases, so do cyanobacteria, and the lake can also support more nests. The lake is the only regular breeding area in East Africa for the 2.5 million lesser flamingoes, whose status of "near threatened" results from their dependence on this one location. In the slightly less salty water around its margins, some fish can also survive. Nonetheless, Lake Natron is home to some endemic algae, invertebrates, and birds.
Most animals find the lake's high temperature (up to 60 ☌ ) and its high and variable salt content inhospitable. This has allowed the lake to concentrate into a caustic alkaline brine. The lavas have significant amounts of carbonate but very low calcium and magnesium levels. The surrounding bedrock is composed of alkaline, sodium-dominated trachyte lavas that were laid down during the Pleistocene period. The alkalinity of the lake can reach a pH of greater than 12. High levels of evaporation have left behind natron ( sodium carbonate decahydrate) and trona (sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate). Temperatures at the lake are frequently above 40 ☌ (104 ☏). The surrounding area receives irregular seasonal rainfall, mainly between December and May totalling 800 millimetres (31 in) per year. The lake is a maximum of 57 kilometres (35 mi) long and 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide. It is quite shallow, less than three metres (9.8 ft) deep, and varies in width depending on its water level. The lake is fed principally by the Southern Ewaso Ng'iro River, which rises in central Kenya, and by mineral-rich hot springs. Numerous near-white salt-crust "rafts" pepper the shallowest parts of the lake (inset). Fault scarps and the Gelai Volcano can also be seen.
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